Hey friends, if you find everything about electrical science difficult or hard to understand then you came to the write place and you are about to find it(electrical) pretty interesting.
So, first thing first what is electric current?
Before giving the answer to the above question let me tell you about a particle named Electron. Electron is a fundamental particle of Atom. Atom is made up of electrically charged particles, i.e. Electron, Proton and Neutron. Electron carries a unit negative(-) charge,Proton carries a unit positive (+) charge and Neutron is neutral i.e. it does not carry any charge.As electron is negatively charged it attracts proton which is positively charged and repel an electron, so we get the saying 'opposite attracts and same repels'. Now because of this attraction and repulsion particles exert a force on each other which helps them to move/accelerate in different directions. This exerted force by one particle on another is called Electromagnetic force, it occurs when Electromagnetic field comes in interaction with electrically charged particles. Now electric current: " electric current is flow of electrical charge " and this flow of charge is carried by electrons from atom to another. As electrons are able to move from atom to atom , the atom that loses the electron becomes positively charged(because atoms are naturally neutral and if one loses a negative charge it become positively charged) and the atom that gains the electron becomes negatively charged(because of one excess electron), thus flow of electrons produced.Electric current is measured in amperes.
You can also see the video to understand current flow in a wire.
As we know all matters are made up of atoms which have electric charges. Therefore they all carry electrical charges.The electrons which move from one atom to another are called free electrons. They only need some external force to move out of the orbit of that atom. Materials that have many numbers of free electrons are called conductors,materials that have moderate numbers of free electrons are called semi-conductor and materials which have number of free electrons almost equal to none are called insulators.
The external force required by the electron to move or the force required to make current flow through a conductor is called Voltage. Another term we used for voltage is potential. So during the flow of electrons the atom which loses electrons have more no of positive charges so it has higher potential and atoms which gains electron have more negative charges so it has lower potential. The difference between these two points is called potential difference.It is measured in volts.
Voltage is denoted by 'V'. Electric current is denoted by 'I'. The relation Between Electrical current and Voltage forms the very basic law of electricity i.e. ohm's law.
Which is given by,
V=IR
i.e. "current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to potential difference between two points".
R is the constant of proportionality, popularly known as resistance.
Now, what is resistance?
Resistance is that property of a conductor by virtue of which it(conductor) opposes the flow of current through it.
Resistance is the hindrance to the flow of charge. It is measured in ohms.
So, first thing first what is electric current?
Before giving the answer to the above question let me tell you about a particle named Electron. Electron is a fundamental particle of Atom. Atom is made up of electrically charged particles, i.e. Electron, Proton and Neutron. Electron carries a unit negative(-) charge,Proton carries a unit positive (+) charge and Neutron is neutral i.e. it does not carry any charge.As electron is negatively charged it attracts proton which is positively charged and repel an electron, so we get the saying 'opposite attracts and same repels'. Now because of this attraction and repulsion particles exert a force on each other which helps them to move/accelerate in different directions. This exerted force by one particle on another is called Electromagnetic force, it occurs when Electromagnetic field comes in interaction with electrically charged particles. Now electric current: " electric current is flow of electrical charge " and this flow of charge is carried by electrons from atom to another. As electrons are able to move from atom to atom , the atom that loses the electron becomes positively charged(because atoms are naturally neutral and if one loses a negative charge it become positively charged) and the atom that gains the electron becomes negatively charged(because of one excess electron), thus flow of electrons produced.Electric current is measured in amperes.
As we know all matters are made up of atoms which have electric charges. Therefore they all carry electrical charges.The electrons which move from one atom to another are called free electrons. They only need some external force to move out of the orbit of that atom. Materials that have many numbers of free electrons are called conductors,materials that have moderate numbers of free electrons are called semi-conductor and materials which have number of free electrons almost equal to none are called insulators.
The external force required by the electron to move or the force required to make current flow through a conductor is called Voltage. Another term we used for voltage is potential. So during the flow of electrons the atom which loses electrons have more no of positive charges so it has higher potential and atoms which gains electron have more negative charges so it has lower potential. The difference between these two points is called potential difference.It is measured in volts.
Voltage is denoted by 'V'. Electric current is denoted by 'I'. The relation Between Electrical current and Voltage forms the very basic law of electricity i.e. ohm's law.
Which is given by,
V=IR
i.e. "current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to potential difference between two points".
R is the constant of proportionality, popularly known as resistance.
Now, what is resistance?
Resistance is that property of a conductor by virtue of which it(conductor) opposes the flow of current through it.
Resistance is the hindrance to the flow of charge. It is measured in ohms.
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